Indian polity refers to the system of governance and political structure in the Republic of India. As of my last update in September 2021, India follows a federal parliamentary democratic system, which means it is a union of states with a strong central government.
Key features of Indian polity include::
Constitution: India has a written constitution that was adopted on January 26, 1950. It is the supreme law of the land, providing the framework for the organization of the government, fundamental rights, and directive principles for state policies.
Federal Structure: India is a federation of states and union territories, with power divided between the central government and state governments. The powers and responsibilities of both are defined in the Constitution.
Parliamentary Democracy: India follows a parliamentary form of government. The President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President’s role is largely ceremonial, while the Prime Minister is the real executive authority.
Bicameral Legislature: India’s Parliament consists of two houses – the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The Lok Sabha members are elected by the people, while Rajya Sabha members are elected by the state legislative assemblies.
Fundamental Rights: The Indian Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to its citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of speech, and right to life and personal liberty.
Directive Principles of State Policy: The Constitution also includes Directive Principles of State Policy, which are non-justiciable guidelines for the government to promote social justice, economic welfare, and individual freedoms.
Independent Judiciary: India has a separate and independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court as the highest judicial body. It safeguards the Constitution and ensures the rule of law.
Multi-Party System: India has a vibrant multi-party system with several national and regional parties, making it one of the most diverse and dynamic political landscapes.
Elections: India conducts periodic elections to elect representatives at various levels of government, ensuring democratic representation and people’s participation in the decision-making process.
Please note that political situations can change over time, and new developments may have occurred since my last update in September 2021.
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